Percepción de estudiantes de Enfermería sobre la adquisición de habilidades clínicas en tiempos de COVID-19 / Perception by Nursing students about clinical skill acquisition in times of COVID-19

Objetivo: identificar la percepción que tienen los estudiantes de Enfermería sobre la adquisición de habilidades clínicas durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y analizar si está asociada con el semestre que están cursando y con haber realizado práctica clínica en escenarios reales. Método: se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal con estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad pública de Zacatecas, México (N= 1.033). Se administró vía electrónica el segundo apartado del cuestionario Clinical Competency Questionnaire traducido al español con un alfa de Cronbach= 0,969. Se analizó la asociación de las habilidades clínicas con el semestre cursado y la experiencia mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado con una significancia estadística de p≤ 0,05. Resultados: respondieron un total de N= 82 estudiantes. La media de edad fue de 20,7 (DE:1,40), el 87,8% era mujer en su mayoría del séptimo semestre (40,2%). Un 50% se percibió con habilidades clínicas deficientes; un 34,1%, sin habilidades clínicas y un 15,9%, con habilidades clínicas competentes. Los estudiantes de quinto semestre se percibieron con menores habilidades clínicas (p= 0,006), al igual que aquellos que no habían cursado práctica clínica antes de la pandemia (p= 0,005). Conclusiones: a partir de la pandemia, las habilidades en la práctica clínica son percibidas como nulas o deficientes por los estudiantes de Enfermería, por lo que se requiere implementar cambios en la metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje, transitar a un modelo híbrido e integrador con intervenciones educativas efectivas y que demuestren el desarrollo de los dominios en este tipo de habilidades para cumplir con el perfil de egreso planteado.(AU)

Objective: to understand the perception by Nursing students about the acquisition of clinical skills during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyse if this is associated with the semester they are currently taking and with conducting clinical practice in real settings. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with Nursing students from a public university in Zacatecas, Mexico (N= 1,033). The second section of the Clinical Competency Questionnaire in its Spanish translation was administered online, with Cronbach’s alpha= 0.969. The association between the clinical skills and the semester studied and experience was analysed through Chi-squared test withp≤ 0.05 as statistical significance. Results: in total, N= 82 students participated. Their mean age was 20.7 (SD:1.40), 87.8% were female, and the majority were in their seventh semester (40.2%). 50% of them perceived that their clinical skills were poor, 34.1% stated they had no clinical skills, and 15.9% perceived that their clinical skills were proficient. Students in their fifth semester perceived their clinical skills as lower (p= 0.006), as well as those who had not had any clinical practice before the pandemic (p= 0.005). Conclusions: after the pandemic, clinical practice skills are perceived as non-existent or poor by Nursing students; therefore, it is necessary to implement changes in the teaching-learning methodology, to move to a hybrid and inclusive model with effective educational interventions which demonstrate the development of domains in this type of skills, in order to meet the proposed profile of graduation.

Evaluation of the Potential Risk of Mortality from SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients According to the Charlson Comorbidity Index.

Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 has represented a major threat to global public health in the last century and therefore to identify predictors of mortality among COVID-19 hospitalized patients is widely justified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible usefulness of Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) as mortality predictor in patients hospitalized because COVID-19. Methods: This study was carried out in Zacatecas, Mexico, and it included 705 hospitalized patients with suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical data were collected, and the CCI score was calculated online using the calculator from the Sociedad Andaluza de Medicina Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias; the result was evaluated as mortality predictor among the patients with COVID-19. Results: 377 patients were positive for SARS-COV-2. Obesity increased the risk of intubation among the study population (odds ratio (OR) = 2.59; 95 CI: 1.36-4.92; p = 0.003). The CCI values were higher in patients who died because of COVID-19 complications than those observed in patients who survived (p < 0.001). Considering a CCI cutoff > 31.69, the area under the ROC curve was 0.75, with a sensitivity and a specificity of 63.6% and 87.7%, respectively. Having a CCI value > 31.69 increased the odds of death by 12.5 times among the study population (95% CI: 7.3-21.4; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The CCI is a suitable tool for the prediction of mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The presence of comorbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reflected as CCI > 31.69 increased the risk of death among the study population, so it is important to take precautionary measures in patients due to their condition and their increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Population-Based COVID-19 Screening in Mexico: Assessment of Symptoms and Their Weighting in Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Background and Objectives: Sentinel surveillance in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico represented a significant cost reduction and was useful in estimating the population infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, it also implied that many patients were not screened and therefore had no accurate diagnosis. In this study, we carried out a population-based SARS-CoV-2 screening in Mexico to evaluate the COVID-19-related symptoms and their weighting in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss this data in the context of the operational definition of suspected cases of COVID-19 established by the Mexican Health Authority's consensus. Materials and Methods: One thousand two hundred seventy-nine subjects were included. They were screened for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. The weighting of COVID-19 symptoms in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated statistically. Results: Three hundred and twenty-five patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 954 were negative. Fever, asthenia, dysgeusia, and oxygen saturation predicted SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratios ranged from 1.74 to 4.98; p < 0.05). The percentage of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients was 36% and only 38.15% met the Mexican operational definition. Cq-values for the gene N of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly higher in asymptomatic subjects than in the groups of COVID-19 patients with neurological, respiratory, and/or musculoskeletal manifestations (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dysgeusia, fever, and asthenia increased the odds of a positive result for COVID-19 1.74-4.98-fold among the study population. Patients with neurological, respiratory, and/or musculoskeletal manifestations had higher viral loads at COVID-19 diagnosis than those observed in asymptomatic patients. A high percentage of the participants in the study (61.85%) did not meet the operational definition for a suspected case of COVID-19 established by the Mexican Health Authority's consensus, representing a high percentage of the population that could have remained without a COVID-19 diagnosis, so becoming a potential source of virus spread.

Oximetría de pulso y su eficacia para diagnosticar vitalidad pulpar / Pulse oximetry and its use in diagnosing pulp vitality

Objetivo: Identificar y analizar en la literatura científica reciente el uso de la oximetría de pulso como método diagnóstico de vitalidad pulpar. Metodología: En este trabajo se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura en las plataformas de PubMed y Google Académico, en la cual se analizó el uso de la oximetría de pulso en el diagnóstico y monitoreo odontológico del estado pulpar. Resultados: Después de una exhaustiva revisión, y de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se analizaron 21 artículos. La mayoría de los trabajos consideran la oximetría de pulso un método alternativo de diagnóstico indoloro, seguro y eficaz; sin embargo, la adaptación de un instrumento de uso exclusivo odontológico es necesaria para una medición exacta de la saturación de oxígeno en la pulpa dental. Los avances tecnológicos en el campo clínico de la odontología nos han llevado a la búsqueda de nuevas técnicas diagnósticas clínicas para mejorar la atención y los tratamientos de los pacientes que acuden día con día a recibir una consulta odontológica. Conclusiones: En los últimos años la oximetría de pulso ha demostrado ser una herramienta de diagnóstico eficaz para el diagnóstico de la vitalidad pulpar. El análisis de los artículos incluidos en esta revisión concluye que la oximetría de pulso es una técnica innovadora que puede ser utilizada como una herramienta diagnóstica adyuvante en el diagnóstico de la vitalidad pulpar (AU)

Objective: To identify and analyze in the recent scientific literature the use of pulse oximetry as a diagnostic method for pulp vitality. Methodology: In this work, a literature review was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar platforms in which the use of pulse oximetry in the dental diagnosis and monitoring of pulp status was analyzed. Results: After an exhaustive review and in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were analyzed. Most of the studies consider pulse oximetry an alternative method of painless, safe and effective diagnosis, however, the adaptation of an instrument for exclusive dental use is necessary for an exact measurement of the oxygen saturation in the dental pulp. Technological advances in the clinical field of dentistry have led us to search for new clinical diagnostic techniques to improve the care and treatment of patients who come every day to receive a dental consultation. Conclusions: In recent years, pulse oximetry has proven to be an effective diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of pulp vitality. The analysis of the articles included in this review concludes that pulse oximetry is an innovative technique that can be used as an adjunct diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of pulp vitality (AU)

Spontaneous abortion is preceded by an altered serum concentration of matrix metalloproteinases.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of the serum concentration of nine matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as biomarkers of spontaneous abortion.Methods: A retrospective nested cohort case-control study was carried out in Zacatecas, Mexico. MMP-1-3, MMP-7-10, and MMP-12-13 were analyzed in serum from women who had spontaneous abortion of unknown causes (n = 7), who suffered abortions attributed to urinary tract infection (n = 7) and from those with healthy pregnancies without complications (controls; n = 20). Protein profiles were determined between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation (GW) using the Bio-Plex Pro Human MMP Panel. Differences in serum MMP concentrations between the study groups and their correlation with clinical findings were evaluated statistically.Results: There were differences in serum concentrations of MMP-9 between groups of spontaneous abortion of unknown cause (13.2 ± 7.5 ng/µL), abortion attributed to urinary tract infection (11.6 ± 5.8 ng/µL) and the controls (11.8 ± 16.5 ng/µL) (p = .022). Compared with controls, higher serum concentrations of MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-10 were observed in the group of spontaneous abortions of unknown causes (p value < .05). A negative correlation between MMP-8 and MMP-9 and urine density was also identified (r = -0.949, p value = .0167; and r = -0.947, p = .0167).Conclusions: Elevated serum concentrations of MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-10 were associated and preceded by the appearance of spontaneous interruption of pregnancy of unknown causes. Our results support the hypothesis that altered MMP modulation may be related with the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion.

The Influence of Obesity on Puberty and Insulin Resistance in Mexican Children.

Obesity is considered the main risk factor associated with the development of insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of obesity on puberty onset and IR in Mexican children. A total of 378 children (189 boys and 189 girls) aged 8-14 years participated in the study. IR was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR). The mean fasting glucose (FG) and basal insulin levels were 82 mg/dl and 11.0 µIU/ml in boys and 77.3 mg/dl and 12.3 µIU/ml in girls (P < 0.05). Subjects with obesity at Tanner stages II-V showed increased FG levels (P < 0.05). In boys with obesity, there was a decrease in HOMA-IR in Tanner stage IV and differences in age between boys with normal weight and those with obesity in Tanner V, being older the boys with obesity. Obesity in children and adolescents was associated with higher HOMA-IR values. In boys with obesity, IR increased at the end of pubertal maturation, with a delay in puberty. These findings should be considered on the establishment of IR cutoff values for pubertal population in Mexico and in the establishment of strategies to prevent the health problems related to obesity.

Aggressive Periodontitis and its Multidisciplinary Focus: Review of the Literature

he purpose of this review is to have a current prospect of periodontal diseases and, in particular, aggressive periodontitis. To know its classification and clinical characteristics, such as the extent and age group affected, as well as its distribution in the population, etiology, genetic variations, among other factors that could affect the development of this disease. Also, reference is made to different diagnostic options and, likewise, the current treatment options.

l propósito de esta revisión es tener un panorama actual de las enfermedades periodontales y, en particular, de la periodontitis agresiva. Conocer su clasificación y características clínicas, como la extensión y grupo etario afectado, así como su distribución en la población, etiología, variaciones genéticas, entre otros factores que pudiesen afectar el desarrollo de dicha enfermedad. Así mismo, se hace referencia a distintas opciones de diagnóstico y, de igual forma, las opciones de tratamiento actuales.

Calidad de vida profesional y trastornos musculoesqueléticos en profesionales de Enfermería / Quality of professional life and musculoskeletal disorders in nurses

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar las condiciones de calidad de vida laboral, la presencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos y la asociación entre dichas variables en personal de enfermería de un hospital público de Zacatecas, México. MÉTODO: Se diseñó un estudio transversal con alcance descriptivo correlacional. Se utilizó un muestreo aleatorizado estratificado por turno laboral en 107 casos. Se aplicó el cuestionario de Calidad de Vida Profesional (CVP-35), el Cuestionario Nórdico Estandarizado para dolor musculoesquelético y el Cuestionario de Factores de Riesgo Relacionados con el Trabajo. RESULTADOS: La calidad de vida laboral obtuvo una media de 55,62 (DE=13,57), siendo la motivación intrínseca el componente mejor evaluado (M=75,06, DE=18,44), contrario al apoyo directivo que obtuvo las puntuaciones más bajas (M=43,74, DE=21,71). La presencia de factores de riesgo dentro del trabajo para el desarrollo de problemas musculoesqueléticos obtuvieron una media de 50,10 (DE=26,69). Los principales trastornos musculoesqueléticos se presentaron en la región del cuello, columna lumbar y rodillas con un 42,1% para cada uno. La calidad de vida laboral disminuyó ante la presencia de problemas musculoesqueléticos en la región lumbar (-0,188, p≤0,050), dorsal (-0,206, p≤0,050), cuello (-0,175, p≤0,050) y rodillas (-0,220, p≤0,010). CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario mejorar las condiciones laborales de los profesionales de enfermería para reducir la presencia de problemas musculoesqueléticos y así mejorar su calidad de vida laboral

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the conditions of quality of working life, the presence of muscle- skeletal disorders and the association between these variables in nursing staff of a public hospital in Zacatecas, Mexico. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with descriptive-correlational scope was designed. A stratified random sampling per shift was used in 107 cases. The Questionnaire Professional Quality of Life (CVP-35) was applied as well as the Nordic Questionnaire Standardized for musculoskeletal pain and work-related risk factors questionnaire. RESULTS: The quality of working life gained an average of 55.62 (SD = 13.57), the intrinsic motivation was the best rated component with (M = 75.06, SD = 18.44), contrary to managerial support that got the lowest scores with (M = 43.74, SD = 21.71). The presence of risk factors in the development work of musculoskeletal problems obtained a mean of 50.10 (SD = 26.69). The main musculoskeletal disorders occurred in the neck region, lumbar spine and knees with 42.1% for each one. The quality of working life decreased in the presence of muscle-skeletal problems in the lumbar region with (-0.188, p ≤.050), dorsal (-0.206, p ≤.050), neck (-0.175, p ≤.050) and knees (-0.220, p ≤.010). CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to improve the working conditions of nurses to reduce the presence of musculoskeletal problems and improve their quality of working life

[Quality of professional life and musculoskeletal disorders in nurses]. / Calidad de vida profesional y trastornos musculoesqueléticos en profesionales de Enfermería.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the conditions of quality of working life, the presence of muscle- skeletal disorders and the association between these variables in nursing staff of a public hospital in Zacatecas, Mexico. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with descriptive-correlational scope was designed. A stratified random sampling per shift was used in 107 cases. The Questionnaire Professional Quality of Life (CVP-35) was applied as well as the Nordic Questionnaire Standardized for musculoskeletal pain and work-related risk factors questionnaire. RESULTS: The quality of working life gained an average of 55.62 (SD=13.57), the intrinsic motivation was the best rated component with (M=75.06, SD=18.44), contrary to managerial support that got the lowest scores with (M=43.74, SD=21.71). The presence of risk factors in the development work of musculoskeletal problems obtained a mean of 50.10 (SD=26.69). The main musculoskeletal disorders occurred in the neck region, lumbar spine and knees with 42.1% for each one. The quality of working life decreased in the presence of muscle-skeletal problems in the lumbar region with (-0.188, p≤.050), dorsal (-0.206, p≤.050), neck (-0.175, p≤.050) and knees (-0.220, p≤.010). CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to improve the working conditions of nurses to reduce the presence of musculoskeletal problems and improve their quality of working life.

Hábitos de actividad física y cánones de imagen corporal en estudiantes universitarios / Physical activity habits and body image cannons in university students

Introducción: en la actualidad existe una gran importancia por la imagen corporal. La idea de bajar de peso se ha convertido en una necesidad reinante dentro del tejido social. Frente a estos estereotipos, los jóvenes son los más preocupados por tener una buena figura. Ante este panorama la actividad física regular juega un papel muy importante para obtener la imagen corporal deseada. Objetivo: determinar los hábitos de actividad física y cánones de imagen corporal en estudiantes universitarios, comparándolos según la percepción de la imagen corporal y hábitos de actividad física. Métodos: estudio descriptivo comparativo en una muestra de 900 estudiantes universitarios. Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre actividad física, percepción de la imagen corporal y atributos con los que se identifica a una imagen delgada y obesa, además de peso, talla y cintura. Resultados: el 52,7 por ciento señaló no realizar ningún tipo de ejercicio, resultado más común entre las mujeres (p< 0,01). Entre las mujeres quienes presentaron sobrepeso el 50,5 por ciento se percibió con peso normal al igual que el 20,6 por ciento de las que resultaron con obesidad grado I y 33,3 por ciento de las clasificaron con obesidad grado II. En los varones el 62,5 por ciento de los que presentaron sobrepeso se percibieron con peso normal, al igual que 40,6 por ciento de los resultaron con obesidad grado I y 20 por ciento de los que presentaron obesidad grado II. Los atributos con que se identificó a la figura delgada fueron: amable, tonta, guapa, feliz, aburrida, cuidadosa y servicial; y a la figura obesa: infeliz, honesto, lento, feo, triste, perezoso y sucio. Quienes no practicaban ejercicio físico al momento de la encuesta fueron quienes en mayor proporción calificaron con características negativas a la figura delgada. Conclusiones: existe un alto nivel de sedentarismo entre los jóvenes universitarios. Continúa la percepción negativa de la imagen obesa, sobre todo en las mujeres(AU)

Introduction: Currently there is a great importance given to body image. The idea of losing weight has become a ruling necessity within the society. In face of these stereotypes, youngsters are the most worried about having a good figure. In face if this panorama, regular physical activity plays an important role for obtaining the desired body image. Objective: To determine the physical activity habits and body image cannons in university students, comparing them according to the perception about body image and physical activity habits. Methods: Descriptive, comparative study in a sample of 900 university students. A questionnaire was applied, about physical activity, body image perception and attributes with which a slim or obese image are identifies, besides weight, size and waist. Results: 52.7 percent expressed that they do not do any exercise, a more common result among women (p< 0.01). Among women who presented overweight, 50.5 percent perceived themselves with normal weight, as well as the 20.6 percent of those with degree I obesity and the 33.3 percent of those classified with degree II obesity. In the males, 62.5 percent of those who presented overweight perceived themselves with normal weight, as well as the 40.6 percent of those with obesity grade I and 20 percent of those who presented degree II obesity. The attributes with which a slim was identified were: kind, silly, pretty, happy, boring, careful and helpful; and for the obese figure were: unhappy, honest, slow, ugly, sad, lazy and dirty. Those who did not do any physical exercise at the moment of the survey are those who, more proportionately, qualified into the negative characteristics to the slim figure. Conclusions: There is a high level of sedentary lifestyles among university youngsters. There is still negative perception over the obese image, above all in women(AU)

Hábitos de actividad física y cánones de imagen corporal en estudiantes universitarios / Physical activity habits and body image cannons in university students

Introducción: en la actualidad existe una gran importancia por la imagen corporal. La idea de bajar de peso se ha convertido en una necesidad reinante dentro del tejido social. Frente a estos estereotipos, los jóvenes son los más preocupados por tener una buena figura. Ante este panorama la actividad física regular juega un papel muy importante para obtener la imagen corporal deseada. Objetivo: determinar los hábitos de actividad física y cánones de imagen corporal en estudiantes universitarios, comparándolos según la percepción de la imagen corporal y hábitos de actividad física. Métodos: estudio descriptivo comparativo en una muestra de 900 estudiantes universitarios. Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre actividad física, percepción de la imagen corporal y atributos con los que se identifica a una imagen delgada y obesa, además de peso, talla y cintura. Resultados: el 52,7 por ciento señaló no realizar ningún tipo de ejercicio, resultado más común entre las mujeres (p< 0,01). Entre las mujeres quienes presentaron sobrepeso el 50,5 por ciento se percibió con peso normal al igual que el 20,6 por ciento de las que resultaron con obesidad grado I y 33,3 por ciento de las clasificaron con obesidad grado II. En los varones el 62,5 por ciento de los que presentaron sobrepeso se percibieron con peso normal, al igual que 40,6 por ciento de los resultaron con obesidad grado I y 20 por ciento de los que presentaron obesidad grado II. Los atributos con que se identificó a la figura delgada fueron: amable, tonta, guapa, feliz, aburrida, cuidadosa y servicial; y a la figura obesa: infeliz, honesto, lento, feo, triste, perezoso y sucio. Quienes no practicaban ejercicio físico al momento de la encuesta fueron quienes en mayor proporción calificaron con características negativas a la figura delgada. Conclusiones: existe un alto nivel de sedentarismo entre los jóvenes universitarios. Continúa la percepción negativa de la imagen obesa, sobre todo en las mujeres(AU)

Introduction: Currently there is a great importance given to body image. The idea of losing weight has become a ruling necessity within the society. In face of these stereotypes, youngsters are the most worried about having a good figure. In face if this panorama, regular physical activity plays an important role for obtaining the desired body image. Objective: To determine the physical activity habits and body image cannons in university students, comparing them according to the perception about body image and physical activity habits. Methods: Descriptive, comparative study in a sample of 900 university students. A questionnaire was applied, about physical activity, body image perception and attributes with which a slim or obese image are identifies, besides weight, size and waist. Results: 52.7 percent expressed that they do not do any exercise, a more common result among women (p< 0.01). Among women who presented overweight, 50.5 percent perceived themselves with normal weight, as well as the 20.6 percent of those with degree I obesity and the 33.3 percent of those classified with degree II obesity. In the males, 62.5 percent of those who presented overweight perceived themselves with normal weight, as well as the 40.6 percent of those with obesity grade I and 20 percent of those who presented degree II obesity. The attributes with which a slim was identified were: kind, silly, pretty, happy, boring, careful and helpful; and for the obese figure were: unhappy, honest, slow, ugly, sad, lazy and dirty. Those who did not do any physical exercise at the moment of the survey are those who, more proportionately, qualified into the negative characteristics to the slim figure. Conclusions: There is a high level of sedentary lifestyles among university youngsters. There is still negative perception over the obese image, above all in women(AU)

Prácticas y creencias sobre estilos de vida asociadas alíndice de masa corporal en enfermeros / Practices and beliefs about lifestyle associated with the body mass index in nurses

Identificar las prácticas y creencias sobre estilos de vida asociadas al índice de masacorporal en el personal de enfermería.MetodologíaEstudio descriptivo, comparativo, correlacional realizado en 136 enfermeros(as)trabajadores en un hospital público de Zacatecas, México, seleccionados a través de unmuestreo aleatorio estratificado por turno laboral. Se aplicó el instrumento de Prácticasy creencias sobre estilos de vida y una cédula para identificar datos personales. Se tomópeso y talla de cada participante. Los datos fueron analizados en el programa SPSS versión18.0ResultadosEl 65,54% del personal de enfermería presentó estilos de vida poco saludables, siendo lapráctica de actividad física el mayor problema, mientras que el autocuidado y cuidadomédico (=64,55) fueron los componentes con mejores resultados. Las creencias mejorevaluadas fueron las asociadas con la actividad física y deporte (=77,45). Un 40,4%presentó sobrepeso y 35,3% algún grado de obesidad. El aumento de índice de masacorporal se asoció con la alimentación no saludable y el sedentarismo (p<.01). Seencontraron diferencias significativas en las prácticas y creencias sobre estilos de vidasegún el turno de trabajo, nivel educativo y estado civil (p< .05).ConclusionesSon las prácticas, específicamente la alimentación y actividad física, y no las creenciassobre el estilo de vida, las que se asocian al exceso de peso en personal de enfermería. Noexiste coherencia entre las creencias y comportamientos en estos profesionales de la salud...

To identify practices and beliefs about lifestyle associated with the body mass index innursing personnel.MethodologyThis is a descriptive, comparative and correlational study, carried out on 136 nurses,workers of a general hospital in Zacatecas, Mexico. The participants were selected througha random stratified sampling by work shift. We applied an instrument for practices andbeliefs about Lifestyle and a document to identify personal data. The weight and size ofevery participant were taken into account. Data were analyzed in SPSS Statistics version18.ResultsMost of the nursing personnel considered presented lifestyles somehow unhealthy (65,54%).Their major problem was physical activity practices, while self-care and medical-carewere the best evaluated lifestyle components ( =64,55). The most positive beliefs wereassociated with sports and physical activity ( =77,45). 40,4% presented overweight, and35,3% showed some degree of obesity. The increase in body mass index was associatedwith unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle (p<.01). We found meaningful differences inthe practices and beliefs about lifestyle in relation to the work shift, level of education andcivil status (p< .05).ConclusionsThe practices, specifically feeding and physical activity, and not the beliefs about lifestyle,are the ones associated with the excess of weight in nurses. There is not consistency betweenbeliefs and behaviors in these health professionals...

Índice de masa corporal, frecuencia y motivos de estudiantes universitarios para realizar actividad física / Body mass index, level and reasons to do physical activity in university students

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-comparativo con 563 estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Francisco García Salinas, con el objetivo de determinar el índice de masa corporal, el nivel y motivos para la práctica de actividad física, de los estudiantes universitarios de dicha institución. De acuerdo con el índice de masa corporal, el 21,5 po ciento cursaba con sobrepeso y más del 10 por ciento presentaba algún grado de obesidad; el 29,7 por ciento tenía riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares. Practicaba uno o varios deportes el 41,2 por ciento de los estudiantes, 91,2 por ciento más de media hora al día, y de estos solo el 30,5 por ciento lo realizaba al menos 5 días a la semana. Los principales motivos para realizar ejercicio fueron por salud, diversión, pasar el tiempo, por gusto y estética(AU)

A comparative descriptive study was conducted with 563 students of Autonomous University of Zacatecas Francisco García Salinas aimed at determining body mass index, level and reasons for the practice of physical activity among the university students of the above institution. According to the body mass index, the 21, 5 percent was overweight and more that the 10 percent presented some degree of obesity; the 29, 7 percent was at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The 41,2 percent of students practiced one or different sports, the 91,2 percent practiced them for more than half an hour daily and, of them, only the 30,5 percent practiced at least five days a week. The principal reasons to do exercises were health, fun, to pass the time, pleasure and esthetic(AU)

Relación del índice de masa corporal con el nivel de actividad física en preescolares / Relation of BMI with physical activity in preschool children

Objetivo. Determinar la relación del Índice de Masa Corporal con el nivel de Actividad Física en preescolares del jardín de niños Zacatecas. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, correlacional. Se incluyeron 73 niños y niñas preescolares del jardín de niños Zacatecas. La información se recolectó mediante la aplicación del cuestionario de Actividad Física (C-PAQ). Para determinar el Índice de Masa corporal se midió el peso y talla. Resultados. Del total de preescolares que participaron en el estudio, predominaron los del sexo masculino, con edad entre 3 a 6 años. Se encontró que más de la mitad de los preescolares presentó peso normal y casi la tercera parte presentó sobrepeso y obesidad. El 6.8 por ciento de los prescolares reportan un alto nivel de sedentarismo, sedentarismo en el 26 por ciento. Respecto a la actividad física el 50.7 por ciento que clasificó como moderadamente activo, 13.7 por ciento activo y 2.7 por ciento muy activo. No se encontró asociación entre el índice de masa corporal del niño según los percentiles y la práctica de actividad física (p>.05). Tampoco se encontró asociación entre las horas frente al televisor y el estado nutricio según los percentiles (p>.05). Conclusiones. Las actividades físicas que realizan los preescolares en los establecimientos educativos, sirve como un factor protector sin embargo se encuentra una prevalencia elevado de sobrepeso y obesidad, por lo que es de suma importancia la identificación de factores de riesgo para la prevención en esta esta etapa y desarrollar estrategias familiares y escolares integren la actividad física(AU)

Objective: to determine the relationship of BMI with the level of physical activity in preschool kindergarten Zacatecas. Methods: we performed a descriptive, correlational. We included 73 preschool children from kindergarten Zacatecas. The information was collected by applying the physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-C). To determine the body mass index was measured weight and height. Results: of all preschoolers who participated in the study, a predominance of males, aged between 3-6 years. We found that more than half of preschoolers showed normal weight and almost a third of overweight and obesity. The 6.8 percent of preschoolers report a high level of inactivity, sedentary lifestyle in 26 percent. Regarding physical activity to 50.7 percent classified as moderately active, 13.7 percent and 2.7 percent active very active. No association between body mass index of the child according to percentiles and physical activity (p> .05). No associations were found between television viewing and nutritional status according to percentiles (p> .05). Conclusions: physical activities preschoolers engaged in educational institutions, serves as a protective factor however is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, so it is very important to identify risk factors for prevention at this stage and this family and school strategies integrate physical activity(AU)

Factores de riesgo cardiovascular según la etapa de cambio conductual en personal de enfermería / Cardiovascular risk factors by stage of behavioral change in nursing staff

Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de muerte en todo el mundo y son las causantes de discapacidad y gastos excesivos para su prevención y control. En México poco más de 87 mil personas han fallecido a causa de alguna enfermedad del corazón. Por lo anterior es importante comparar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular según la etapa de cambio conductual en que se encuentra el personal de enfermería, pues son el principal contacto de promoción de salud entre la población y por tanto quienes deben predicar con el ejemplo para lograr una educación primaria efectiva. Materiales y Métodos:El estudio fue descriptivo y comparativo, en una muestra aleatoria de 150 enfermeros(as) del Hospital General en Fresnillo, Zacatecas, México. Se utilizó el instrumento VICORSAT y la Escala de evaluación del cambio de la universidad de Rho de Island. Se tomó peso, talla, presión arterial y circunferencia de cintura. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 35.9 años (DE = 7.1), el 63.3% de los participantes era sedentario, el 22.7% fumaba, una minoría mencionó consumir diariamente refresco o comida rápida (18% y 8% respectivamente), 64.7% cursaba con sobrepeso u obesidad, el 39.3% tenía un alto riesgo para desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular de acuerdo con el perímetro de la cintura, un 46% de los participantes tenía antecedentes familiares de diabetes y 52% de hipertensión. Únicamente el perímetro de la cintura mostró diferencias significativas según la etapa de cambio conductual, siendo aquellos que tenían una circunferencia menor los que se encontraron en etapa de mantenimiento (p <.05).Discusión y Conclusiones: La prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular modificables es alta entre el personal de enfermería. Resulta necesario que el personal identifique la presencia de factores de riesgo y que además esté dispuesto a generar cambios tendientes a reducirlos o eliminarlos.

Introduction: cardiovascular diseases are a principal cause of death in the world and are also the cause of many handicaps as well as excessive spending for its prevention and control. More than 87,000 people have died because of some form of heart disease in Mexico. As such it’s important to compare the prevalent cardiovascular risk factors and the stage of behavioral change in which the nursing staff resides. Since they are the principal contact and promoters of health among the population therefore they should preach by example in order to achieve an effective elementary education. Materials and Methods: this study was a descriptive and comparative from a random study of 150 nurses from the General Hospital in Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico. We used the VICORSAT instrument and the Rhode Island universities scale for change evaluation, also took weight, measurements, and blood pressure Results: the average age was 35.9 years (DE= 7.1) 63.3% of the participants were sedentary, 22.7% smoke, a minority mentions a case a daily consumption of soda or fast food (18% and 8% respectively), 64.7% were overweight or obese, 39.3% of the participants had a higher risk of developing cardiovascular illness due to their waist circumference, 46% of the participants had a family history of diabetes and 52% hypertension. The parameter of waist circumference alone showed significant differences in the stages of behavioral change, those participants who had a lower circumference were found in the maintenance stage (p<.05). Discussion and Conclusions: the prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors is high among nursing staff. As a result it is necessary that the nursing staff identifies the presence of risk factors as well as being open to generating new tendencies to reduce or eliminate these factors.

Conocimiento y comportamiento sexual en adolescentes. Área Académica Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas / Sexual knowledge and behavior of adolescents. Health Sciences Academic Area. Autonomous university of Zacatecas

Objetivo: identificar el conocimiento y comportamiento sexual en adolescentes de nuevo ingreso al área de ciencias de la salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, comparativo. Se incluyeron 965 estudiantes. La información se recolectó mediante la aplicación de una encuesta electrónica.Resultados: la mayoría de los adolescentes se percibió con un nivel adecuado de conocimiento. Los hombres se consideraron con mayor conocimiento y presentaron prácticas sexuales de mayor riesgo, resultados altamente significativos. La información sobre sexualidad la adquirieron principalmente de padres, amigos y personal sanitario. Una tercera parte tenía vida sexual activa con edad promedio de inicio a los 17 años. El número de parejas sexuales fue mayor en hombres que en mujeres. Los alumnos procedentes del área urbana iniciaron su vida sexual a edades más tempranas en comparación con los del área rural. El anticonceptivo de mayor uso fue el preservativo. Un bajo porcentaje manifestó que el médico había indicado el método anticonceptivo. Conclusiones: el conocimiento no es la única herramienta que garantiza prácticas sexuales saludables en los adolescentes, lo que denota que las estrategias encaminadas a cambiar comportamientos no deben limitarse a proporcionar información(AU)

Objetive: Identify the knowledge and sexual behavior from the new joiners of the area of health science from the University of Zacatecas. Methods: The process was comparative and descriptive. Were included 965 students. The information was collected from an Electronic Survey. Results: Most of the adolescents had very good results which show us that the most of them have a very good knowledge and sexual behavior. Men were considered who got the most good knowledge sexual behavior but also they were who often practice sex with a higher risk, such results are very significatives. The most of the information that they know was provided principally from their parents, friends and people who Work to the system health in the region. A third part of the 100 percent of the students had a sexual active life with a average age of seventeen years old. Also in this investigation men were who had higher results in regards to sexual Partners. The students who come from an urban area started their sexual life earlier than the adolescents who come from a rural area. Besides, in the investigation we can see that the most common contraceptive method was the condom. Conclusion: the knowledge isn´t the only tool which could assure us that the sexual practice is healthy to the students, which show us that the strategies which are aimed to change the behavior doesn't have to limit to give more information about Knowledge and sexual Behavior(AU)